International reference atlas
A useful sample has a known writer and contains material comparable with the questioned passage.
Handwriting and graphology
Check the date, provenance, writing style and shared content. A long letter may reveal much about running handwriting yet little about an abbreviated signature made in one movement.
Suppose the dispute concerns three handwritten digits in a contract. Seek dated records of known origin containing those digits written by hand, and note who supplied each record. Another photograph of that same contract is not an independent sample.
Graphology associates handwriting with personality. Each proposed link needs an independent test of its predictive value.
Handwriting and graphologyA person may form one letter several ways even within one sentence. Comparison needs a range of examples rather than the nearest match.
Handwriting and graphologyExaminers consider how a stroke travels, breaks and changes along its path. With a photograph the first question is which details the image actually retains.
Graphologist Israel