International reference atlas
Handwriting, signatures and documents
Could two similar signatures be copies of the same image? What does a scan leave out? Start with a question, explore an example and see how far the evidence takes you.
Start with a question
What changed when a third original of the will turned up?
Another original reached the examiner. His qualified opinion remained the same. What did the judge do with the remaining doubt?
Imaging and preservationCapturing the whole page
A full-page view records context. A separate close-up records detail.
Handwriting and graphologyGraphology and personality claims
Graphology associates handwriting with personality. Each proposed link needs an independent test of its predictive value.
Encyclopedia
How to read a result
On your device, the lab checks for identical files and looks for a block of writing or an isolated mark in each image. If the region is unclear, take a closer photograph and keep the full-page image too. The overlay shows where outlines meet and diverge, but cannot identify the signer or authenticate the document.
Read full entryLegal representation in fraud and disputed-document claims
Tzion Bahalul, attorney and notary
A disputed signature on a contract, will or payment instruction raises two distinct questions: what can be learned from the document, and what legal steps are available. Tzion Bahalul & Co. handles the legal dispute, including civil fraud claims and recovery of funds in Israel.
