International reference atlas
A photographed colour records only one aspect of a pen line.
Forensic methods
Two signatures that appear blue on screen may come from different pens. Lighting, white balance and image compression affect the recorded colour. A laboratory can compare how inks on the original respond to different light sources.
Suppose a date appears paler than a signature. Preserve the whole photograph and the sheet, and identify the relevant strokes on a separate copy. The shade difference alone cannot establish that the date was added later.
Pressure from writing may leave marks on a sheet underneath.
Forensic methodsThe sheet can carry information that is lost in a copy.
Forensic methodsThe order of two strokes is a question about the specific place where they meet.
Legal representation in fraud and disputed-document claims
A disputed signature on a contract, will or payment instruction raises two distinct questions: what can be learned from the document, and what legal steps are available. Tzion Bahalul & Co. handles the legal dispute, including civil fraud claims and recovery of funds in Israel.
Graphologist Israel